Saturday, August 21, 2010

Chemical names ,Aluminium Oxide,Bleaching Powder ,Calcium Carbonate,Ethyl Alcohol,Lime Water,Baking Soda ,Washing Soda,Gun powder

Chemical names of some substances

Substances - Chemical names

Alumina - Aluminium Oxide

Bleaching Powder - Calcium Chloro hypochloride

Blue Vitriol - Copper Sulphate

Caustic Soda - Sodium Hydroxide

Caustic Potash - Pottassium Hydroxide

Chalk - Calcium Carbonate

Common Salt - Sodium Chloride

Epsom Salt - Magnesium Sulphate

Gun powder - Pottasium Nitrate

Lime Stone - Calcium Oxide

Lime - Calcium Hydroxide

Marble - Calcium Carbonate

Nitre - Potassium Nitrate

Spirit - Ethyl Alcohol

Gypsum - Calcium Sulphate

Baking Soda - Sodium Bicarbonate

Washing Soda - Sodium Carbonate

Lime Water - Calcium Hydroxide

Liquor Ammonia - Ammonium Hydroxide

Soda Water - Carbonic Acid

Hypo - Sodium Thiosulphate

Plaster of paris - Calcium Sulphate

Lunar Caustic - Silver Nitrate

Quick Lime - Calcium Oxide

Friday, August 20, 2010

Physicists,Dynamite-Alfred Nobel,Incandescent Bulb-Thomas Alwa Edison,Telescope- Galileo,Albert Einstein,G Marconi,Alexander Graham Bell

Physicists


Atom Bomb-Otto Hahn

Cosmic Rays-R A Milliakan

Dynamite-Alfred Nobel

Fundamental laws of electrical attraction-Coulomb

Incandescent Bulb-Thomas Alwa Edison

Law of Gravitation-Newton

Lightening Conductors-Benjamin Franklin

X-rays-Roentgen

Diesel Oil Engine-Rudlof Diesel

Telescope- Galileo

Gramaphone and Megaphone-Edison

Microscope-Jansen,Improved by Galileo

Albert Einstein-Photoelectric effect

APJ Abdul Kalam -Indian Scientist known as missile man of India

Dr.Homi J Bhabha -First Chairman of Atomic Energy Commission of India

G S Ohm -Laws of Electrical Resistance

Alexander Graham Bell -Microphone

Henry Bequerel-Natural Radioactivity

Galileo Galilie-Law of Falling Bodies

E Torricelli-Barometer

Alexandro Volta-Electric Battery

G Marconi-Wireless Wave

C V Raman -Raman Effect (Won Nobel Prize in 1930 for this Discovery)

Rutherford-Nuclear model of atom

Scientific Units,Wave Length,Atmospheric Pressure,Calorie

Scientific Units


Ampere - Electric Current

Angstrom - Wave Length

Bar - Atmospheric Pressure

Becquerel - Activity of a radionuclide

Candela -Luminous Intensity

Calorie -Heat

Coulomb -Electric Charge

Decibel -Intensity of sound

Diopter -Power of a lens

Dyne -Force

Erg -Work

Fathom -Depth of Sea

Farad -Electric Capacitance

Gauss -Magnetic Induction

Henry -Inductance

Hertz - Frequency of sound

Joule -Work or energy

Knot -Speed of ship

Lumen -Luminous Flux

Lux - Illuminance

Lambert -Brightness

Maxwell -Magnetic Flux

Mel -Subjective Pitch in sound

Newton -Force

Nautical Mile -Distance-Navigation

Nit -Luminance

Ohm -Electric Resistance

Pascal -Pressure

Power -Watt

Parsec -Astronomical Distance

Siemens -Conductance

Sabin -Acoustic Absorption

Tesla -Magnetic Flux Intensity

Volt -Potential Difference

Weber -MagneticFlux

Watt -Power

Colour of the Different Lamps,Mercury vapour lamp,Neon Vapour lamp

Colour of the Different Lamps


Sodium Vapour Lamp - Yellow

Chlorine Vapour Lamp - Green

Nitrogen Vapour Lamp - Red

Mercury vapour lamp - White

Neon Vapour lamp - Orange red

Hydrogen Vapour Lamp - Blue

Thursday, August 19, 2010

Important Fundamental Units,Length-Metre,Mass -Kilogram,Frequency-Hertz,Capacitance-Farad

Important Fundamental Units

Length-Metre

Mass -Kilogram

Time-second

Electric Current-Ampere

Thermodynamical Temparature-Kelvin

Luminous Intensity-Candela

Quantity-Mole

Frequency-Hertz

Work,Energy-Joule

Power-Watt

Pressure-Pascal

Electric Charge-Coulomb

Force-Newton

Resistance-Ohm

Capacitance-Farad

Magnetic-Flux-Weber

Strength of Magnetic Field-Tesla

Books By Sports Persons ,Allan Border-Beyond Ten Thousand,Kapil Dev-By God's Decree,One Day Wonders,Steve Waugh -Out of my comfort Zone

Books By Sports Persons


Ajit Wadekar-The making of a Cricketer

Allan Border-Beyond Ten Thousand

Dhyan Chand -Goal

Javed Miandad-The Cutting Edge

Kapil Dev-By God's Decree,One Day Wonders

Sunil Gavaskar-Idol ,Sunny Days

Steve Waugh -Out of my comfort Zone

Tiger Wood-How to play Golf ?

Pen Names of Famous Writers,Charles Dickens-Boz,Agatha Christie-Mary Westmacott

Pen Names of Famous Writers


Author- Pen Name

Agatha Christie-Mary Westmacott

Alexi Maksimov Peshkov-Maxim Gorkey

Amandine Dupin-George Sand

Anne Bronte-Acton Bell

Benjamin Franklin-Poor Richard

Charles Dickens-Boz

Charles Dodgson -Lewis Carroll

Charles Farrar Browne-Artemus Ward

Charles Lamb-Elia

Charlotte Bronte-Currer

David Cornwell-John Le Carre

Emile Herzog-Andre Maurois

Emily Bronte-Ellis Bell

Erick Blair-George Orwell

Francis Marie Arouet-Voltaire

Frederic Dannav and Manfred B Lee-Ellery Queen

George Bernard Shaw-GBS

H H Munro-Saki

J K Chesterton-Orion

Mary Ann Evans -George Eliot

Samuel Clemens-Mark Twain

William Sydney Porter- O Henry

Indian Authors and Pen names,Cherukadu,Sanjayan,Thikkodiyan

Indian Authors and Pen names


Govinda Pusharadi- Cherukadu

George Varghese-Kakkanadan

M R Nair-Sanjayan

N Narayana Pillai-Omcheri

P C Gopalan -Nandanar

P Kunjanandhan Nair-Thikkodiyan

V Madhavan Nair-Mali

Auto Biography,R K Laxman,My Music ,My Life-Ravi Shankar,My Experiments with Truth,Mahatma Gandhi,Nelson Mandela

Auto Biographies

A passion for Dance -Yamini Krishnamurthi

An Indian Pilgrim-Subhash Chandra Bose

In the Afternoon of time-Harivansh Rai Bachan

Long Walk to freedom -Nelson Mandela

Man of Everest -Tenzing Norgey

My Experiments with Truth-Mahatma Gandhi

My Music ,My Life-Ravi Shankar

Nothing Venture,Nothing Win -Sir Edmund Hillary

Rasidi Ticket-Amrita Pritam

Tunnel of Time-R K Laxman

Tiger's Tale -Mansur Ali Khan Pataudi

Wednesday, August 11, 2010

Medical Treatment and Discoveries,Anti-rabbies Treatment -Louie Pasteur,Blood Circulation,Heart Transplantation,Electrocardiogram ,Penicillin,Insulin

Medical Treatment and Discoveries


Anti-rabbies Treatment - Louie Pasteur

Aspirin - Felix Hofman

Blood group - K Landsteiner

Blood Circulation - William Harvey

Heart Transplantation - Christian Bernard

Anti-Polio Vaccine - Jonas.E.Salk

Anti-Sceptic Surgery - Joseph Lister

Blood Transfusion - James Blundel

Electrocardiogram - William Eintovan

Cardiac Pacemaker - A S Hyman

Insulin - F G Banting

Penicillin - Alexander Flemming

Rh Factor - Karl Landsteiner

X-ray - W.Rontgen

Stethescope - Rene Laennec

Monday, August 9, 2010

Animals growing period,Human being ,Elephant,Gorilla,Chimpanzee

ANIMALS AND THEIR GROWTH PERIOD

Elephant - 620 days
Whale - 315 days
Human being - 266 - 280 days
Cow - 280 days
Monkey - 180 days
Pig - 119 - 130 days
Cat - 62 days
Rabbit - 28 - 32 days
Horse - 355 days
Deer - 300 days
Gorilla - 265 - 280 days
Chimpanzee - 270 days
Tiger - 155 days
Lion - 106 days
Dog - 50 - 60 days
Rat - 20 days

DISEASES CAUSED BY HUMAN GENETIC DISORDERS,Haemophilia ,Colour Blindness ,

DISEASES CAUSED BY HUMAN GENETIC DISORDERS



RH factor incompatibility - RH factor

ABO incompatibility - Incompatible Blood groups of donor and recipent

Albinism - Pigment melanin is not synthesised (gene mutation)

Phenylketonuria - Inborn error in metabolism of animo acid phenylalanine

Tay-Sach's disease - Severe brain and spinal cord damage

Sickle cell anaemia - Single mutation in a gene (sickle shaped RBC)

Haemophilia - Sex-linked disorder (blood does not clot)

Colour Blindness - Sex-linked disorder (inability to distinguish colours)

Down's syndrome - Extra chromosome 21 (trismy 21)

Klinefelter's syndrome - Extra X chromosome in males (trisomy)

Turner's syndrone - Missing X chromosome in females (monosomy)

CERTAIN DISEASES OF THE HUMAN BODY,Arthritis - Joints,Cataract - Eye,Jaundice - Liver,Goitre -Thyroid Gland,Tuberculosis - Lungs,Tonsilits - Tonsils

CERTAIN DISEASES OF THE HUMAN BODY

Arthritis - Joints

Cataract - Eye

Jaundice - Liver

Diphtheria - Throat

Goitre -Thyroid Gland

Pneumonia - Lungs

Meningitis - Nervous system

Plurisy - Lungs

Pyorrhoa - Tooth gum

Rheumatism - Joints

Trachoma - Eyes

Tuberculosis - Lungs

Conjunctivitis - Eyes

Pancreatitis - Pancreas

Wephrit - Kidney

Tonsilits - Tonsils

Appendicitis - Appendix

Paralysis - Nerves

Diabetes - Pancreas

Ezema - Skin

Malaria - Spleen

Scterema - Skin

DISEASES CAUSED BY NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY IN HUMAN BEINGS,Goitre - Iodine,Night blindness - Vitamin A,Prolonged bleeding (Haemorrhage) - Vitamin K

DISEASES CAUSED BY NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY IN HUMAN BEINGS

Diseases - Deficient Nutrient


Anaemia - Iron

Goitre - Iodine

Tooth decay - Fluorine

Xerophthalmia - Vitamin A

Night blindness - Vitamin A

Beriberi - Vitamin B

Scurvy - Vitamin C

Rickets (children) - Vitamin D

Osteomalacia (Adults) - Vitamin D

Prolonged bleeding (Haemorrhage) - Vitamin K

Marasmus - Protiens and calories

Kwashiorkar - Protiens

Pellagra - Nicotinamide

Sunday, August 8, 2010

Diseases caused by viruses,Mumps,Measles,Chickenpox,Small pox,Common Cold,Hepatitis

Diseases caused by viruses


Mumps-Myxovirus (RNA Virus)

Measles-Rubella virus

Chickenpox-Virus

Small pox-Pox Virus

Poliomylitis-Polio Virus

Influenza-DNA Virus

Common Cold -Large varieties of viruses

Rabies (Hydrophobia)-Virus

Hepatitis -DNA virusAIDS-HIV Virus

Plants and their scientific names,Coffee,Coconut,Rubber,Mango

Plants and their scientific names


Mango-Mangifera indica

Coconut-Cocos nucifera

Coffee-Coffea arabica

Onion-Allium cepa

Black pepper-Piper nigrum

Paddy-Oryza sativa

Rubber-Hevea brasiliensis

Nicotine-Nicotiana tobacum

Tea-Camellia Sinensis

Branches of agriculture,Vermiculture,Tissue culture,Horticulture,Pomology,Sericulture

Branches of Agriculture


Vermiculture -Agriculture of Earth worm

Tissue culture-Production of a new plant from plant cells

Apiculture-Study of honey bee.

Horticulture-Study of fruits and vegetables.

Pomology -Study of fruits.

Sericulture-Rearing of silk worm.

Moriculture -Production of mulberry.

Vity culture-Production of grapes.

Branches of Biology ,Bacteriology,Anatomy,Biotechnology,Botany ,Micro biology,Zoology,Virology

Major Branches of Biology

Anatomy-The study of morphology of internal systems and organs.
Autecology-Study of individualorganism or a single species and their relation to the environment.
Bacteriology -Study of bacteria.
Biochemistry-The study of chemistry of various biological processes.
Bio-informatics-The mathematical ,statistical and computing methods that aim to solve biological problems using DNA and amino acid sequence and related information.
Biophysics-The application of various tools ,techniques,methods and principals of physical science to the study of biological problems.
Biotechnology-The application of technology to biological process for industrial ,agricultural and medical purpose.
Botany -Study of plants.
Cytology -The study of cells.
Ecology -Study of relationship of organisms to one another and their environment.
Ethology-The study of behaviour of animals in their natural environment.
Exobiology -Study of extra terrestrial life.
Genetics-Study of inheritance and variations and the factors controlling them.
Histology-Study of tissues and cells at microscopic level.
Marine biology-Study of marine organisms.
Micro biology-Study of microscopic organisms.
Morphology-Study of external body structure.
Mycology-Study of fungi.
Palynology-Study of pollen grains.
Paleontology-Study of fossils.
Phycology-Study of algae.
Physiology-The study of the way in which organisms or parts of organisms function .
Synecology-Study of group of organisms involving different species and their relation to the environment.
Taxonomy-Study of identification ,Nomenclature and classification of organisms.
Virology-Study of virus.
Zoology-Study of animals.

Saturday, August 7, 2010

IMPORTANT TRAIN SERVICES IN INDIA,Himasagar Express,Coramandal Express , Deccan Queen,Konark Express ,Himalayan Queen Express

IMPORTANT TRAIN SERVICES IN INDIA

Himasagar Express - Jammuthavi - Kanyakumari

G.T. Express - New Delhi - Chennai

Coramandal Express - Chennai - Howra

Pinakkini Express - Chennai - Vijayawada

Thirukural Express - Kanyakumari - Hasrath

NisamuddinCheran - Chennai - Coimbatore

Deccan Queen - Mumbai - Puna

Vidarbha Express - Mumbai - Nagpur

Greethanjali Express - Howra - Mumbai

August Kranthi Express - Mumbai - Delhi

Pachim Kranthi Express - Mumbai - Amritsar

Jhelum Express - Jammuthavi - Puna

Karnavathi Express - Mumbai - Ahmedabad

Sarvodaya Express - Ahmedabad - Jammuthavi

Charminar Express - Chennai - Hyderabad

Pearl city Express - Chennai - Tutucorin

Azad Hind Express - Pune - Howra

Pink city Express - Delhi - Jaipur

Purushotham Express - Delhi - Puri

Konark Express - Mumbai CST - Bhubaneswar

Himalayan Queen Express - Delhi - Kalka

Gomati Express - Delhi - Lucknow

Udayan Express - Mumbai CST - Bangalore

Taj Express - Delhi - Gwalior

Bilaspur,North Western Railway ,South Western Railway,North East Frontier Railway ,Southern Railway ,Central Railway

RAILWAY ZONES IN INDIA

Zone - Headquarters


Central Railway - Mumbai

Eastern Railway - Kolkata

Northern Railway - New Delhi

North Eastern Railway - Gorakpur

North East Frontier Railway - Maligavon, Guwahati

Southern Railway - Chennai

South Central Railway - Secunderabad

South Eastern Railway - Kolkata

Western Railway - Mumbai

East Coast Railway - Bhubaneswar

North Central Railway - Allahabad

East Central Railway - Hajipur

North Western Railway - Jaipur

South Western Railway - Bangalore

West Central Railway - Jabalpur

Central Eastern Railway - Bilaspur

Tuticorin,Marmagoa ,Mangalapuram,Navasheva,Kandla

INDIA - PORTS

Name of port - State


Haldia - West Bengal

Kolkata - West Bengal

Paradweep - Orissa

Vishakhapatnam - Anthra Pradesh

Chennai - Tamil Nadu

Tuticorin - Tamil Nadu

Kochi - Kerala

Mangalapuram - Karnataka

Marmagoa - Goa

Navasheva - Maharashtra

Mumbai - Maharashtra

Kandla - Gujarat

Friday, August 6, 2010

Salary Details of officials ,President ,Vice President,Governor ,Chief Justice

Salary Details of officials

Officials -Term of Office- Salary /Month

President- 5 years -1,50000

Vice President -5 years -1,25000

Governor -5 years -1,10000

Chief Justice of theSupreme Court - Till he attains the age of 65years - 100,000

Judges of Supreme Court - Till he attains the age of 65years - 90,000

Chief Justice of the High Court - Till he attains the age of 62years- 90,000

Judges of High Court -Till he attains the age of 62years - 80,000

Systems of Government in India,Democracy,Monarchy ,Oligarchy ,Bureaucracy,Autocracy

Systems of Government in India


Democracy : Goverment of the people ,by the people,for the people.

Bureaucracy : The form of government by officials.

Plutocracy : The form of government run by the wealthy people.

Autocracy : Absolute government in the hands of a single individual.

Monarchy : The form of government by a king.

Anarchy : A state of utter disorders or chaos created by the absence of a government .

Gynarchy : Government by a woman or aset of women.

Oligarchy : The form of government in which the supreme power lies in the hands of a privileged few.

Finance Commission in India,Finance,Vijay L Kelkar,N K P Salve,

Finance Commission in India

Number year Chairman

I 1952-57 K C Neogy

II 1957-62 K Santharam

III 1962-66 A K Chande

IV 1966-69 P V Rajaramanna

V 1969-74 Mahavir Tyagi

VI 1974-79 Brahmananda Reddy

VII 1979-84 J M Shelat

VIII 1984-89 Y B Chavan

IX 1990-95 N K P Salve

X 1995-2000 K C Pant

XI 2000-2005 Prof.A M Khurso

XII 2005-2010 C Rangarajan

XIII 2010-2015 Vijay L Kelkar

Important years in Kerala,Attingal Revolt ,Kundara Proclamation,Vaikom Satyagraha ,Guruvayur Satyagraha

Important years in Kerala


Attingal Revolt -1721

Battle of Colachel-1741

Kundara Proclamation-1809

Kurichiyar Revolt -1812

Channar Agitation-1859

Malayali Memorial -1891

Ezhava Memorial-1896

Mappila Rebellion,Wagon Tragedy-1921

Vaikom Satyagraha -1924

Civil Disobedient Movement-1930

Guruvayur Satyagraha -1931

Nivarthana Agitation-1932

Temple Entry Proclamation-1936

State Congress Formation-1938

Kayyur Samaram-1941

Punnapra Vayalar Upheaval -1946

Formation of Kerala State-1956

Liberation Movement -1959

Governor generals of India,Lord Cornwallis, Lord Hastings

Governor generals of India


1772-1785 - Warren Hastings

1786-1793 - Lord Cornwallis

1793-1798 - Sir John Shore

1798-1805 - Lord Wellesley

1807-1813 - Lord Minto

1813-1823 - Lord Hastings

1823-1828 - Lord Amherst

1828-1835 - Lord William Bentick

1835-1842 - Baron Ellenborough

1842-1844 - William Wilberforce Bird

1844-1848 - Lord Hardinge

1848-1856 - Lord Dalhousie

1856-1858 - Lord Canning

Grammy Award 2010, 'Jai ho' A R Rahman ,lyricist Gulzar ,Slumdog Millionaire

Grammy Award 2010


Oscar winner A R Rahman continued his winning streak,bagging two grammy awards for his foot-tapping number 'Jai ho' and outstanding soundtrack for the film "Slumdog Millionaire".
The composer shared the award for 'Jai Ho' with lyricist Gulzar and Tanvi Shah ,who penned the Spanish words of the International hit. Rahman won in the category of Best Compilation Soundtrack Album For Motion Picture,Television or Other Visual media for Slumdog Millionaire and Best song Written for Motion picture,Television or Other Visual Media for 'Jai Ho'
This win was reminiscent of his victory at last year's Oscar's where the 'Mozart of Madras ' bagged two Acdemyawards for his music in 'Slumdog Millionaire,besides winning a Golden Globe and a BAFTA award.

Thursday, August 5, 2010

Translators ,Rigveda,Maxmuller,Charles Wilkins,William Jones

Translators


Rigveda -Maxmuller

Manusnrithi-William Jones

Gita Govindam-William Jones

Sakunthalam -William Jones

Bhagvat Gita -Charles Wilkins

Hitopadesam-Charles Wilkins

Arthasasthram-Syama Sasthri

The Six Vedangas ,Shiksha,Phonetic,Vyakarana

The Six Vedangas

Shiksha (Phonetic)

Kalpa (Rituals)

Vyakarana (Grammar)

Nirukta (Etymology)

Chhandas (Metrics)

Jyothiksha (Astronomy)

The Ten Major Upanishad ,Thythairiya

The Ten Major Upanishad


Ishovasya Upanishad

Kono Upanishad

Katha Upanishad

Prasna Upanishad

Mundaka Upanishad

Mandukya Upanishad

Chandogy Upanishad

Brahadaranyaka Upanishad

Lytahreya Upanishad

Thythairiya Upanishad

Reforms and events during British Period,Cabinet Mission ,Quit India ,Dyrarchy

Reforms and events during British Period


First Census -Ripon

Cabinet Mission -Wavell

Quit India -Linlithgow

Communal Award-Wellington

Doctrine of Lapse-Dalhousie

INA Trail-Wavell

Dyrarchy-Chelmsford

Jallianwala Bagh Massacre-Chelmsford

Permanent Settlemeny-Cornwallis

Sepoy Mutiny-Canning

Susidiary Alliance-Wellesley

The First to visit India,President,Prime Minister,First Pope

The First to visit India


American President -Eisenhower

British Prime Minister -Harold Macmillan

British Monarch-King George V

Chinese Premier -Chou-En -Lai

First Pope-Pope Paul VI

Russian Prime Minister -Bulganin

INS Arihant,Manmohan Singh ,nuclear-powered submarine

INS Arihant


Arihant is the first nuclear-powered submarine built by India.

It was launched by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and his wife Gursharan Kaur on26th July 2009 to mark the Anniversary of Vijay Diwas (Kargil War Victory Day )

It is the lead ship of India's Arihant class of nuclear -Powered submarines.

The 6000 tonne vessel was built under the Advanced Technology Vessel (ATV)Project at the Ship Building Centre in Vishakapattanam .

The launch of the INS Arihant makes India one of six countries in the world with the
ability to design ,build and operate its own nuclear submarines (the other beting the Ubnited States ,The UK,Russia ,France and China .INS Arihant is expected to formally in the Indian Navy in 2012 after undergoing extensive sea -trials.

Civilian Awards ,Civilian Awards 2009,Padma Vibhushan ,Padma Bhushan,Padma Sri,Aishwarya Rai

Civilian Awards 2009


Sunderlal Bahuguna ,Padma Vibhushan

Anil Kakodkar ,Padma Vibhushan

G Madhavan Nair,Padma Vibhushan

Jasbir Singh Bajaj ,Padma Vibhushan

Sister Nirmala ,Padma Vibhushan

Sam Pitroda ,Padma Bhushan

Bhaktha B Rath,Padma Bhushan

Thomas Kailath ,Padma Bhushan

Abhinav Bindra,Padma Bhushan

C S Seshadri,Padma Bhushan

M S Dhoni ,Padma Sri

Aishwarya Rai Bachchan,Padma Sri

Surinder Mehta ,Padma Sri

Penaz Masani ,Padma Sri

Kumar Sanu,Padma Sri

ICCI AWARD ,Indian Cricket,Mahendra Singh Dhoni ,Umpire

ICCI AWARD -2009


Cricketer of the year-Micheal Johnson(Australia)

One day player of the year -Mahendra Singh Dhoni (India)

Test Player of the year-Gautham Gambhir (India)

Emerging player of the year -Peter Siddle (Australia)

Umpire of the year -Aleem Dar

Women Cricketer of the year -Claire Taylor (England)

Spirit of Cricket -New Zealand

Twenty -20 Player of the year -Tilakaratne Dilshan (Sri Lanka)

Wednesday, August 4, 2010

Indian Education in Ancient period,education ,Gurukulam System,

Indian Education in Ancient period

1.Vedic Education (Gurukula System)

Aim: Self realisation or Mukti

Curriculum:Study of Veda ,Archery,Horse-manship,Chariot race,Agriculture and trade etc

Methodology :Sravana -Listening of the sacred texts

Manana :Reflection of meaning

Nididhyasuna :Constant Meditation


2.Buddhist Education


Aim :attainment of Nirvana

Curriculum : Elementaryu education .Sabda Vidya (Grammar and Lexicography),Silpa vidya(Art),Chikilsa Vidya (Medicine ),Helu Vidya (Logic),and Adhyatma Vidya (Philosophy)
Higher Education :Vedas ,Upanishads,Agriculture,Medicine,Logic , Linguistics,Yoga amd Samkhya etc

Methods :Discussion,debate etc


3.Islamic or Muslim Education

Aim :To instill Islamic faith in the pupils.Study of Koran,Propagation of Islamic Culture

Curriculum : Three R's (reading,Writing and arithematic)Study of Koran

Higher stage : Grammar,Logic,Arithmetic,science,and PhilosophyMethods :Memorize method,discussion ,debate


4.Dravidian Education


Aim : Religious education and moral education

Curriculum :Three R's ,Learning Vedas and Upanishads,Grammar etc

Higher Stage : Grammar ,Logic,Arithmetic,Science,and Ohilosophy

Methods : Discussion ,Debate etc

Skills of teaching,teacher ,equipments,teaching aids,Lecturing , Group Discussion,planned revision

Skills of teaching


Commonly identified skills in the teaching process may be listed as follows:


1. Skill in introducing the topic

2. Skill in asking Questions

3. Skill in dealing with pupils answer

4. Skill in using blackboard and chalk

5. Skill in handling teaching and other equipments

6. Skill in providing reinforcement

7. Skill in presenting the topic /lesson

8. Skill in lecturing

9. Skill in encouraging group discussions

10.Skill in planned revision

11.Skill in eliciting answers from the students

Important Newspapers,The Daily Mirror,New York Times,Washington Post ,People's Daily,Daily Express

Important Newspapers


Name of the News Paper - Country/City
Al-Ahram - Cairo

Izvestia - Moscow

Dawn - Karachi

Daily News - NewYork

The Daily Mirror - London

Newstatesman - London

New York Times - New York

Pravada - Moscow

Merdeka - Jakartha

Le Monde - Paris

Washington Post - USA

Daily Telegraph - U K

The Guardian - U K

Trud - Russia

People's Daily - China

Dacca - Bangladesh

Daily Express - Malaysia

Principle languages of the world,Japanese,Hungarian,French,German ,Nepali ,Vietnamese

Principle languages of the world

Afrikaans -South Africa

Amharica -Ethiopia

Arabic,Azer -Azerbaijan

Burmese -Myanmar

Byelorussian -Belarus

Cantonese -China,Hongkong

Cebuano -Philippines

Czeh -Czech Republic

Dutch-Flemish -Netherlands,Holand

English -UK, USA, Australia, Canada

French -France, Canada

German -Germany

Greek -Greece

Fulla -Cameroon, Nigeria

Hausa -Nigeria,Niger,Cameroon

Hakka -China

Ibo -Niger,Nigeria

Hungarian -Hungary

Japanese - Japan

Javanese -Java ,Indonesia

Italian -Italy

Korean -Korea , China ,Japan

Malagasy -Madagascar

Mandarin -China

Min -China , Taiwan,Malaysia

Nepali -Nepal ,India,Bhutan

Oromo -West Ethiopia,North Kenya

Persian -Iran ,Afganisthan

Polish -Poland

Portuguese -Portugal

Pushtu -Aganisthan ,Pakisthan,Iran

Romania -Romania,Moldova

Russian -Russia

Serbo-Croation -North west Balkan

Sindhi -India, Pakisthan

Sinhalese -Srilanka

Spanish -Spain

Sudanese -Indonesia

Swahilli -Kenya ,Tanzania,Congo ,Uganda

Tagalog -Philippines

Thai -Thailand

Turkish -Turkey

Ukranian -Ukraine, Poland,Russia

Urdu -Pakisthan ,India

Uzbeck -Uzbeckisthan

Vietnamese -Vietnam

Wu -China

Yoruba -Nigeria,Benin

Zhuang -South China